Search results for "Individual learning"
showing 10 items of 17 documents
Nest defence against avian brood parasites is promoted by egg-removal events in a cowbird–host system
2011
Recent studies of birds have found that the antiparasite behaviour of host species is modified by social learning. We tested whether individual or social learning modifies the nest defence of yellow warblers, Setophaga petechia, against the parasitic brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater. Using field experiments, we exposed warblers to simulated events of nest parasitism and predation, or allowed them to observe conspecifics mobbing a cowbird. Intensity of nest defence by yellow warblers was greater after simulated threats at their nest than after they had observed mobbing of cowbirds by conspecifics. Warblers defended their nests more aggressively when they perceived a cowbird as an egg pre…
Some Effects of Individual Learning on the Evolution of Sensors
2001
In this paper, we present an abstract model of sensor evolution, where sensor development is only determined by artificial evolution and the adaptation of agent reactions is accomplished by individual learning. With the environment cast into a MDP framework, sensors can be conceived as a map from environmental states to agent observations and Reinforcement Learning algorithms can be utilised. On the basis of a simple gridworld scenario, we present some results of the interaction between individual learning and evolution of sensors.
Use of social over personal information enhances nest defense against avian brood parasitism
2011
Interactions with conspecifics influence the behavioral repertoire of an organism, as they apply to foraging techniques, song acquisition, habitat selection, and mate choice. Few workers have studied the role of social interactions in molding defense responses, especially the defense of the nest. We tested the effect of social interaction on nest defense of the reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus), one of the main hosts of the brood-parasitic common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in Europe. This parasite reduces its host’s breeding success; therefore, any response that prevents successful parasitism should be selected. Because of their high nesting density and consistent cuckoo-specific respons…
A wiki task for first-year university students : the effect of scripting students' collaboration
2015
Abstract This study investigates the effect of a collaboration script - i.e. a set of instructions to improve collaboration between learning partners - for a wiki task. Participants were first-year university students in Educational Sciences ( N = 186) collaborating in groups of five during a three-week period to create a wiki on peer assessment in education. Two conditions were contrasted: a scripted and a non-scripted condition. The effect of scripting was measured in four ways (questionnaires, log-file analyses, group product scores, and individual pre–post-test scores). Results show significant positive effects of scripting with respect to the collaborative group processes and students…
Transitions in Individual Vocational Education Pathways: Challenges and Collaborative Solutions
2012
This chapter draws upon some of the main results of two Finnish nationwide case studies on how common efforts of education providers and organizations’ personnel support VET (vocational education and training) students along their individual learning paths. The first study concerns best practices to prevent early leaving, and the second was a Finnish national pilot programme to assist uncertain students who have somewhat weak prerequisites to enter vocational education. Some excellent solutions are presented, but special challenges for the learner, organization and staff are also revealed. The solutions for excellence promote practices, strategies and structures that support students’ trans…
Assessment as a Possibility for Individual Learning and Success in Contextual Pedagogical Learning Environment
2015
One of the most significant current discussions in the field of education is the rapidly changing world around us. So far, however, there has been little discussion about teacher education and its role in this changing process. We are slowly moving from constructivist learning theory towards to sociocultural theory of learning where learning is according to Kumpulainen, Krokfors, Lipponen, Tissari, Hilppio and Rajala [1] viewed as a holistic and dynamic process, in which the individual grows into the culture of the community, its values, practices, and artifacts. The research project, introduced in this paper, focuses on transformational pedagogic and the questions of assessment in the lear…
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Changes to Working Life : What Supports Adult Employees in Adapting to New Technology at Work?
2020
AbstractThis chapter aims to increase current understanding of adults’ individual learning pathways and needs when adapting to new technology. We review adults’ overall technology skills and depict, through chosen examples, how adults have adapted to technological change in their working lives. We present prior research on the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution poses to adults’ further education, and based on the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we review adults’ problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of design-based education and the need for companies to flexibly address …
Integrating Individual and Intra-organizational Learning for Calibration of Organization’s Performance
2021
The pragmatic literature review explores the significance of individual and intra-organizational learning for organization’s performance. Literature review depicts topic actuality, conceptual contribution, research methods and scientific discussions. The relativity of learning for individuals and organization have been evaluated on behalf of selected scientific papers. The articles reviewed for developing literature review have shown similarities of subject knowledge. The comparative analysis of conceptual framework is based on examination of experiments and modelling documented in previous research. Learning is considered as a process of transferring skills and knowledge from recognized in…
Organizational Learning to Leverage Benefits Realization Management; Evidence from a Municipal eHealth Effort
2017
Part 3: Organizational Aspects; International audience; While work with benefits realization requires organizational learning to be effective, emphasis on organizational learning is hard to find in benefits realization studies. To remedy this research gap, we study how organizational learning theory can contribute to improve benefits realization processes. A qualitative approach was used to gain in depth understanding of benefits realization in an ICT healthcare services project. We found that individual learning is present, but organizational learning has not been given explicit attention neither in the project nor in the literature of benefits realization management. We argue that the ind…
Towards Personalization of Peer Review in Learning Programming
2017
Peer review is one of the effective processes for sharing knowledge and improving overall learning performance. This became more popular by the use of ICT. However, it is challenging to implement peer review in learning programming languages due to the complexity of the subject matter. A group of peer reviewers may have different overall performance but similar weaknesses on a given aspect of the programming tasks. Hence, they may not be able to help each other to address individual needs. In this paper, we present a personalized approach to peer review with consideration to criteria based assessment and individual performance on specific programming tasks. This is achieved using a novel pe…